However, these two species can be distinguished by the following differences. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, native to central and south america, is an aggressive weed in aquatic ecosystems in australia, and was introduced as a pasture plant in the 1970s. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees the plant list. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 419660 with original publication details. Hymenachne amplexicaulis poaceae hear species info.
Hymenachne or olive hymenachne department of agriculture. Historically, very few grasses have been targeted for biological control, because they may lack hostspecific insect herbivores. Hymenachne has been recognised as a weed of national significance. Geographic differentiation of management objectives for. It is known in australia as olive hymenachne, or simply as hymenachne, the latter risking confusion with a native species hymenachne acutigluma gilliland 2 wearne et al. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis weed management guide pdf 466 kbabout the guide. Rapid response to the discovery of olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees on rinyirru lakefield national park. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees poaceae gramineae. Hymenachne is declared as a class 2 species under the hymenachne has been classi. Hymenachne amplexicaulis ufifas center for aquatic and. Control is difficult and costly, and is mainly achieved using repeated doses of. Charleston k 2006 hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis control methods and case studies, queensland department of natural resources, mines and water. Geographic differentiation is appropriate for this species because further. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above.
Very few catchments in hinchinbrook shire are free of hymenachne. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis current potential hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis hymenachne spreads by both seeds and vegetation and quickly takes over wetlands. The leaf blade is heartshaped at its base where it clasps around the stem this is a key characteristic of this species. Control hymenachne impacts on overall property management and the control of hymenachne should be integrated in the overall property management plan. Azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage. Pdf azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage. Hymenachne amplexicaulis is a perennial, evergreen grass with robust, decumbent stems 200 350cm long that root and form new growth at the lower nodes. Hymenachne amplexicaulis west indian marsh grass this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.
Tropical and subtropical regions on dry land or floating in water up to one metre deep kowari editorial committee 1991. While i noticed some large patches last year, this year its everywhere. Clasping milkweed asclepias amplexicaulis is a species of milkweed plant. Hill introduction hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, is a robust, rhizomatous perennial grass, spreading on moist soil or floating in water. The culms of sacciolepis are hollow, but in hymenachne they are filled with aerenchyma. A top down approach is the most effective way to maintain weed free areas. Stems floating, creeping, or ascending to 1 m 3 ft or more in height, spar. It has escaped from cultivation as a ponded pasture grass in recent years and now seriously threatens the wetlands of northern.
Plants profile for hymenachne amplexicaulis west indian. The asterisk indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis is a weed of national significance and is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, economic and environmental impacts. It is a weed of savannas, ponds with predominantly mucky soils, ditches, canal banks and sandy depressional areas hill 1996. Azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage genetic resources for floodplains in tropical mexico article pdf available in genetic resources and crop evolution 537.
It is now one of the 20 species listed as weeds of nationals ignificance. This document is eny693, one of a series of the entomology and nematology department, ufifas extension. Hymenachne amplexicaulis is occasionally found growing in wet pastures from the central peninsula to collier county. About eight species of the genus hymenachne are generally distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. No hostspecific insects were recorded on the invasive species.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis, also known as west indian marsh grass in the us, olive. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis weed management guide hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis weed controlcontacts state territory nsw nt qld wa australia wide department nsw agriculture dept of infrastructure, planning and environment dept of natural resources and mines dept of agriculture. Big flatsfloodplain marsh along the myakka river dominated by west. Hymenachne amplexicaulis wikispecies, free species directory. Hymenachne is a robust, rhizomatous, perennial grass flowers heads are spikelike, cylindrical, 2040 cm long hymenachne is capable of growing in permanent wetlands commonly known as olive hymenachne or olive. This species is found in prairies and open woodlands, usually in sandy soil. Hymenachne stems distinctive in containing white pith most grass stems are hollow pohl and lersten 1975. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees find, read and cite all the research you need on. Biology, host specificity, and impact of ischnodemus. They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, the americas, and the pacific islands. Wilson hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis. Grows on dry land and floats in water, stems erect or spreading. Stems floating, creeping, or ascending to 1 m 3 ft or more in height, sparingly branched, rooting at the lower. Natural enemies of invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and its.
Solar for small to medium business, interest free loans for solar and storage, regional electricity support packages. Pdf leaf anatomical characterization of hymenachne. Hymenachne amplexicaulis information from itis the integrated taxonomic information system itis provides authoritative taxonomic information on hymenachne amplexicaulis, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of north america and the world. Unlike most tropical grasses, hymenachne employs the c3 photosynthetic pathway, which usually results in lower lignin content of the herbage. West indian marsh grass hymenachne amplexicaulis1 rodrigo diaz, william a. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis has been cultivated in ponded pastures in. To assess whether this insect could be considered as a specialist. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis legal requirements hymenachne is a category 3 restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus hymenachne family poaceae. First noted in botanical works for florida in 1968 ward. The agriculture victoria website has information about the noxious weed classification of this species. West indies, tropical central and south america botanical description.
Hymenachne is a restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014 it must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment without a permit. Management zones should reflect the habitat preferences and dispersal mechanisms of the species being targeted and the spatial patterns of the invaded region. The act requires everyone to take all reasonable and practical steps to minimise the risks associated with invasive plants and animals under their control. During 2002 and 2003, the graduate college for agricultural sciences cp and the mexican institute for forestry, agriculture and animal production research inifap organized an expedition to collect the genetic diversity of this species. It is native to the west indies and blooms in the fall wunderlin, 2003. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Field surveys in the native range indicated that i.
Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis is a semiaquatic. The plant is sometimes harvsted from the wild for local use as a wick. Impact assessment hymenachne, olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis in victoria nox back table feedback assessment of plant invasiveness is done by evaluating biological and ecological characteristics such as germination requirements, growth rate, competitive ability, reproduction methods and dispersal mechanisms. Many upper tributaries and other sections of streams may be less susceptible. Hymenachne is a genus of swamp grasses similar to sacciolepis, and both are segregates from the large genus panicum. It can be grown for pasture in natural or artificially inundated pondage areas. Amplexicaul definition of amplexicaul by the free dictionary. It must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment. Dal grass hymenachne amplexicaulis important information. Hymenachne can withstand prolonged 40 weeks flooding by growing above floodwaters.
This page was last edited on 16 december 2019, at 08. Flowers and seeds are held on dense spikes at ends of stems. This page was last edited on 14 september 2017, at 20. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Leaf blades strongly clasp the stem, prominent lightcoloured hairs at the base. Native communities remain especially common along the pacific and atlantic coastal zones of the neotropics at low elevations up to 500 m above sea level. A robust, upright perennial aquatic grass 12 metres with distinctive stem clasping leaves. Asclepias amplexicaulis simple english wikipedia, the. Hymenachne is a genus of widespread wetlands plants that is in the grass family. It is also known as bluntleaved milkweed and sand milkweed. Azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage genetic.
Azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c 3 grass native to tropical flooded areas in south and central america with 2n 2x 24 chromosomes. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, a native of south and central america, is distinct from hymenachne acutigluma steudel gilliland, a native of northern australian flood plains calder 1981. Read geographic differentiation of management objectives for invasive species. Impact assessment hymenachne, olive hymenachne hymenachne. Crude protein levels in whole tops varies from 921 rarely to 30% at different times of year, with leaf levels up to 25% and stem 9%. Sep 29, 2006 azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c3 grass native to tropical flooded areas in south and central america with 2n 2x 24 chromosomes. One insect species of 6 17% on the native grass appears to be host specific at the species level. Consequently, it is found mainly in lowlying areas along the edges of permanent water.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis may be confused with the closely related native species hymenachne acutigluma. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, also known as west indian marsh grass in the us, olive hymenachne in australia, and hereafter referred to as hymenachne, is new world species in the genus hymenachne. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, a grass native to the west indies, is by far the dominant grass to be seen in the marshes at the park bridge at this time. Hymenachne is from the greek hymen meaning membrane and achne meaning chaff, glume, scale and amplexicaulis is from latin, literally embracing the. Wearne and others published the biology of australian weeds 56.
Catchments that are free of hymenachne should be protected from infestation. Olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis it has long leaves 100 450mm and the leaf base may be up to 30mm wide and covered with long hairs. The following table provides information on the impact of hymenachne, olive hymenachne a more detailed description of the methodology of the victorian weed risk assessment wra method can be viewed below. The leaf anatomy of 32 ecotypes of azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees pasture grass native to mexico was compared to identify valuable forage attributes within the native genetic. Pdf azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c 3 grass native to tropical flooded areas.
Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Restricted matter category hymenachne amplexicaulis olive. Ongoing projects are underway in upper cattle creek, palm creek and tyto wetlands reserve. The upper part of the leaf is narrower and without hairs. Hymenachne belongs to the family poaceae and was first characterised by rudge in 1805 as panicum amplexicaule hill 1996. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants.
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